Protozoa can be classified into four types with respect to their migratory action: Sarcodina, mastigophoran, ciliophoran and sporozoan. Lastly there are protozoa which are unicellular organisms that can multiply within their human host. Ectoparasites are a broad classification which encompasses arthropods such as mosquitoes, but typically refers to smaller arthropods such as mites, ticks and fleas. Helminths are large multicellular organisms that fall within 3 subcategories, platyhelminths, acanthocephalans and nematodes. Parasites are organisms that are dependent on their host for survival and physiological development in a malignant manner and can be classified into three specific types, helminths, ectoparasites and protozoa. This review will assess the currently identified cutaneous parasites, detailing their life cycles which will allow for the identification of certain areas that could be exploited for the facilitation of cutaneous anti-parasitic treatment. The main benefit of this would be the overall time saved in regards to the period that is needed for accurate diagnosis of parasite, coupled with the prescription and application of the appropriate treatment based on the diagnosis. Due to the various differences in their migratory nature, certain cutaneous strategies are only viable for specific parasites, which then leads to the idea of developing an all-encompassing anti-parasitic strategy that works specifically against cutaneous parasites. The main factors that need to be considered are the specifically elicited cutaneous symptoms and the relative cutaneous depth in which the parasites typically reside in. Cutaneous parasites vary significantly in terms of the non-systemic methods that are required to deal with them. Whilst drug-based treatments are highly effective, the development of resistance by bacteria and parasites, is increasingly prevalent in the modern day, thus requiring the development of non-drug based anti-parasitic strategies.
In cases where secondary infections are induced by the parasite itself, antibiotics may also be used in tandem with the primary treatment to deal with the infection. Standard anti-parasitic treatments primarily focus on the use of specific drugs to disrupt the regular function of the target parasite. Cutaneous parasites are identified by their specific cutaneous symptoms which are elicited based on the parasite’s interactions with the host.
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